Ground nonlinear dynamic response by considering multi-dimensional seismic site effects

ABSTRACT: A comprehensive study is performed to assess the ground dynamic responses by considering the nonlinear behavior of geomaterials. For this purpose, an in-house numerical code, called HYBRID, is developed to model the nonlinear behavior of geomaterials by using the Hardin-Drnevich constitutive model subject to vertically propagating sinusoidal waves. HYBRID code combines the finite elements method in the near field and the boundary elements method in the far field (FEM/BEM). Also, in order to consider the impacts of local topographical and geological conditions simultaneously, both 1D and 2D configurations are modeled. Responses are obtained for different geometrical points at the ground surface in terms of time history of displacement. Furthermore, the amplification/de-amplification patterns are underlined at different geometrical points for each configuration. Finally, some recommendations based on the presented results are proposed in order to quantify nonlinear 1D and 2D site effects.